{"id":1414,"date":"2020-10-15T10:51:39","date_gmt":"2020-10-15T08:51:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.landscapeunifi.it\/2020\/10\/15\/covid-19-and-rural-landscape-the-case-of-italy-european-central-bank-working-paper-series\/"},"modified":"2020-10-15T11:49:45","modified_gmt":"2020-10-15T09:49:45","slug":"covid-19-and-rural-landscape-the-case-of-italy-european-central-bank-working-paper-series","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.landscapeunifi.it\/en\/2020\/10\/15\/covid-19-and-rural-landscape-the-case-of-italy-european-central-bank-working-paper-series\/","title":{"rendered":"Covid-19 and rural landscape: the case of Italy &#8211;  European Central Bank &#8211; Working Paper Series"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row dfd_row_responsive_enable=&#8221;dfd-row-responsive-enable&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1602753224126{padding-right: 40px !important;padding-left: 40px !important;}&#8221; responsive_styles=&#8221;padding_left_tablet:20|padding_right_tablet:20|padding_left_mobile:20|padding_right_mobile:20&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;]<div class=\"dfd-spacer-module\"  data-units=\"px\" data-wide_resolution=\"1280\" data-wide_size=\"25\" data-normal_resolution=\"1024\" data-normal_size=\"25\" data-tablet_resolution=\"800\" data-tablet_size=\"20\" data-mobile_resolution=\"480\" data-mobile_size=\"20\" style=\"height: 25px;\"><\/div><div class=\"dfd-heading-shortcode\"><div class=\"dfd-heading-module-wrap  text-center style_01 dfd-heading-6add7b3bdfa4b dfd-disable-resposive-headings\" id=\"dfd-heading-6add7b3bdfa4b\" ><div class=\"inline-block\"><div class=\"dfd-heading-module\"><h5 class=\"widget-title dfd-title \" style=\"font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px; \">Mauro Agnoletti<\/h5><h3 class=\"widget-sub-title dfd-sub-title \" style=\"line-height: 30px; \">CULTLAB \u2013 School of Agriculture, University of Florence, Italy<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(function($) {\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t$(\"head\").append(\"<style>.dfd-heading-6add7b3bdfa4b.dfd-heading-module-wrap .dfd-heading-module .dfd-heading-delimiter {margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;}<\/style>\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t})(jQuery);\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/script><\/div><div class=\"dfd-spacer-module\"  data-units=\"px\" data-wide_resolution=\"1280\" data-wide_size=\"25\" data-normal_resolution=\"1024\" data-normal_size=\"25\" data-tablet_resolution=\"800\" data-tablet_size=\"20\" data-mobile_resolution=\"480\" data-mobile_size=\"20\" style=\"height: 25px;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;]<div class=\"dfd-spacer-module\"  data-units=\"px\" data-wide_resolution=\"1280\" data-wide_size=\"25\" data-normal_resolution=\"1024\" data-normal_size=\"25\" data-tablet_resolution=\"800\" data-tablet_size=\"20\" data-mobile_resolution=\"480\" data-mobile_size=\"20\" style=\"height: 25px;\"><\/div><div class=\"dfd-heading-shortcode\"><div class=\"dfd-heading-module-wrap  text-center style_01 dfd-heading-6add7b3bdfd63 dfd-disable-resposive-headings\" id=\"dfd-heading-6add7b3bdfd63\" ><div class=\"inline-block\"><div class=\"dfd-heading-module\"><h5 class=\"widget-title dfd-title \" style=\"font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px; \">Simone Manganelli<\/h5><h3 class=\"widget-sub-title dfd-sub-title \" style=\"line-height: 30px; \">European Central Bank, Germany<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(function($) {\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t$(\"head\").append(\"<style>.dfd-heading-6add7b3bdfd63.dfd-heading-module-wrap .dfd-heading-module .dfd-heading-delimiter {margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;}<\/style>\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t})(jQuery);\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/script><\/div><div class=\"dfd-spacer-module\"  data-units=\"px\" data-wide_resolution=\"1280\" data-wide_size=\"25\" data-normal_resolution=\"1024\" data-normal_size=\"25\" data-tablet_resolution=\"800\" data-tablet_size=\"20\" data-mobile_resolution=\"480\" data-mobile_size=\"20\" style=\"height: 25px;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;]<div class=\"dfd-spacer-module\"  data-units=\"px\" data-wide_resolution=\"1280\" data-wide_size=\"25\" data-normal_resolution=\"1024\" data-normal_size=\"25\" data-tablet_resolution=\"800\" data-tablet_size=\"20\" data-mobile_resolution=\"480\" data-mobile_size=\"20\" style=\"height: 25px;\"><\/div><div class=\"dfd-heading-shortcode\"><div class=\"dfd-heading-module-wrap  text-center style_01 dfd-heading-6add7b3bdfec9 dfd-disable-resposive-headings\" id=\"dfd-heading-6add7b3bdfec9\" ><div class=\"inline-block\"><div class=\"dfd-heading-module\"><h5 class=\"widget-title dfd-title \" style=\"font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 1px; \">Francesco Piras<\/h5><h3 class=\"widget-sub-title dfd-sub-title \" style=\"line-height: 30px; \">CULTLAB \u2013 School of Agriculture, University of Florence, Italy<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(function($) {\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t$(\"head\").append(\"<style>.dfd-heading-6add7b3bdfec9.dfd-heading-module-wrap .dfd-heading-module .dfd-heading-delimiter {margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;}<\/style>\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t})(jQuery);\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/script><\/div><div class=\"dfd-spacer-module\"  data-units=\"px\" data-wide_resolution=\"1280\" data-wide_size=\"25\" data-normal_resolution=\"1024\" data-normal_size=\"25\" data-tablet_resolution=\"800\" data-tablet_size=\"20\" data-mobile_resolution=\"480\" data-mobile_size=\"20\" style=\"height: 25px;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">Throughout the covid\u201019 emergency, health authorities have presented contagion data divided by administrative regions with no reference to the type of landscape, environment or development model. This study has been conducted to understand whether there is a correlation between the number of infections and the different rural landscapes of the country. Italy\u2019s rural landscape can be classified in four types, according to the intensity of energy inputs used in the agricultural process, socioeconomic and environmental features. Type A includes areas of periurban agriculture surrounding the metropolitan cities, type B areas of intensive agriculture with high concentration of agroindustry, type C hilly areas with highly diversified agriculture and valuable landscape, and type D high hills and mountains with forests and protected areas. Areas A and B are located in the plains, covering 21% of the territory and accounting for 57% of the population. They produce most of the added value, consume high levels of energy and represent the main source of pollution. Areas C and D cover 79% of the territory and 43% of the population. We find that provinces with 10% more type C and D areas exhibit on average 10% fewer cases of contagion. The result is statistically significant, after controlling for demographic, economic and environmental characteristics of the provinces. The pollution produced in more energy\u2010intensive landscape has triggered an intense debate of how to ensure the economic competitiveness of Italian agriculture, without compromising environmental integrity or public health. Our findings speak to this debate, by suggesting that planning for more rural territory with lower energy inputs may come with the added benefit of new development opportunities and decreasing the exposure of the population to covid\u201019. Cost benefit\u2010analyses should take into account that policies aimed at repopulating more rural areas may reduce the economic impact of covid\u201019 and of potential future pandemics. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Keywords<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><i>Exposure to covid\u201019; environment; sustainable agriculture.<\/i>[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"dfd-spacer-module\"  data-units=\"px\" data-wide_resolution=\"1280\" data-wide_size=\"25\" data-normal_resolution=\"1024\" data-normal_size=\"25\" data-tablet_resolution=\"800\" data-tablet_size=\"20\" data-mobile_resolution=\"480\" data-mobile_size=\"20\" style=\"height: 25px;\"><\/div>[vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;]<div id=\"dfd-button-6add7b3be009c\" class=\"dfd-button-module-wrap dfd-button-6add7b3be009c\"><div class=\"dfd-button-module  style_1 text-center dfd-horizontal dfd-top-to-bottom dfd-button-icon-left dfd-button-icon-hover-simple\" ><a 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.dfd-button-module.style_3 .dfd-button-link:hover .dfd-button-inner-cover:before,#dfd-button-6add7b3be009c.dfd-button-module-wrap .dfd-button-module.style_4 .dfd-button-link:hover .dfd-button-inner-cover:before,.dfd-button-6add7b3be009c.dfd-button-module-wrap .dfd-button-module.style_3 .dfd-button-link:hover .dfd-button-inner-cover:before,.dfd-button-6add7b3be009c.dfd-button-module-wrap .dfd-button-module.style_4 .dfd-button-link:hover .dfd-button-inner-cover:before {border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px;border-color:rgba(195,159,118,0.01);}<\/style>\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t})(jQuery);\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/script><\/div><div class=\"dfd-spacer-module\"  data-units=\"px\" data-wide_resolution=\"1280\" data-wide_size=\"15\" data-normal_resolution=\"1024\" data-normal_size=\"15\" data-tablet_resolution=\"800\" data-tablet_size=\"15\" data-mobile_resolution=\"480\" data-mobile_size=\"15\" style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<div class=\"dfd-spacer-module\"  data-units=\"px\" data-wide_resolution=\"1280\" data-wide_size=\"25\" data-normal_resolution=\"1024\" data-normal_size=\"25\" data-tablet_resolution=\"800\" data-tablet_size=\"20\" data-mobile_resolution=\"480\" data-mobile_size=\"20\" style=\"height: 25px;\"><\/div>[vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><div class=\"wp-block-pdfemb-pdf-embedder-viewer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.landscapeunifi.it\/land\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/covid-19-BCE-Italy.pdf\" class=\"pdfemb-viewer\" style=\"\" data-width=\"max\" data-height=\"max\" data-toolbar=\"bottom\" data-toolbar-fixed=\"off\">covid 19-BCE-Italy<\/a><\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row dfd_row_responsive_enable=&#8221;dfd-row-responsive-enable&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1602753224126{padding-right: 40px !important;padding-left: 40px !important;}&#8221; responsive_styles=&#8221;padding_left_tablet:20|padding_right_tablet:20|padding_left_mobile:20|padding_right_mobile:20&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Abstract Throughout the covid\u201019 emergency, health authorities have presented contagion data divided by administrative regions with no reference to<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1395,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[199,198],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-research"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.landscapeunifi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1414","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.landscapeunifi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.landscapeunifi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.landscapeunifi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.landscapeunifi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1414"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.landscapeunifi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1414\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1415,"href":"https:\/\/www.landscapeunifi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1414\/revisions\/1415"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.landscapeunifi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1395"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.landscapeunifi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.landscapeunifi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.landscapeunifi.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}